Unit Six
ANALYTICAL EXPOSITION
Social Function:
To persuade the reader or listener that
something is the case.
Generic Structure:
Ø
Thesis
Position:
introduces topic and indicates writer’s position.
Ø
Arguments
Point:
restates main arguments outlined in Preview.
Elaboration:
develops and supports each point/argument.
Ø
Reiteration: restates writer’s position.
Significant Lexicogrammatical Features
§
Focus on generic human and non-human
participants.
§
Use of simple present tense.
§
Use of Relational Processes.
§
Use of Internal conjunction to state
argument.
§
Reasoning through Causal Conjunction or
nominalization.
Read the following example of an
analytical exposition text:
Thesis: Position: In Australia there are three levels of government, the federal
government, state governments and local governments. All of these levels of
government are necessary. This is so for a number of reasons.
Argument
1
Point : First,
the federal government is necessary for the big things. Elaboration : They
keep the economy in order and look after things like defence.
Argument
2
Point : Similarly,
the state governments look after the middle sized things. Elaboration : For
example they look after law and order, preventing things like vandalism in
schools.
Argument
3
Point : Finally,
local governments look after the small things. Elaboration : They
look after things like collecting rubbish, otherwise everyone would have
diseases.
Conclusion :
Thus, for the reasons above we can
conclude that the three levels of government are necessary.
Text
1
Into the Mouth of Babes
We are writing to you because we are concerned about the way food is being
advertised to children.
What we eat now affects our health in years to come. Bad dietary habits
start while we are very young. For this reason, your goverment supports health
education that encourages a balanced healthy diet. Australians are encouraged
to get the bulk of their nutrients from
fresh fruits, vegetables, and wholegrain cereals, a lesser amount from foods
high in fat, salt and sugar.
TV advertising to children presents a completely different message. Nearly
80 % of food pushes fatty snacks or sweets-the very foods that should be eaten
least. To make matter worse, these ads take up much of the advertising time.
This must be stopped.
TV advertising is powerful and
influential. Parents, however strong-will, find it hard to resist pressures
created by this advertising. Children are least able to understand the tricks
of the advertising industry.
The the hours when children are the
main audience, TV advertising of foods must be made to reinforce, not
undermine, the message about a ballanced diet. We appealed to you, as Prime
Minister, to take the lead in calling together the advertisers, TV networks,
consumers and public health bodies to decide how this is to be done.
Yours
sincerely,
1. From
the passage, the writer’s purpuse is
....
a.
To entertain or
to amuse the readers
b.
To explain the
process
c.
To retel an event
d.
To describe how something happens
e.
To persuade the
readers.
2. Why did
the writer write the letter to the Prime Minister? Because ....
a.
Diet affects our
health
b.
Austrians get
balanced healthy diet
c.
Food
advertised tends to persuade
d.
Advertising
disturbs children
e.
Prime Minister
calls TV networks
3. Australians are encouraged to get
the bulk of their nutrients from fresh fruits, vegetables, and
wholegrain cereals, ... (Paragraph 2). The underlined word can be replaced by
....
a.
invited
b.
forced
c.
influenced
d.
motivated
e.
involved
Text
2
To
improve comfort and cleanliness at our school, a number of dust bins should be
increased. When we look at classrooms, school corridors and school yard, there
are papers, mineral water cups, straws, and napkins here and there. The
condition of uncleanliness and discomfort really hinders learning and teaching
environment. Litters thrown carelessly cause disease, especially empty plastic
cups or glasses.
They
can be filled out with water coming from the rain. This can be placed for
dengue mosquitoes to spread out. Besides, this rubbish can deteriorate the
scene. Well painted wall and green school yard do not mean anything if litters
are scattered everywhere.
Anyway
I notice that most of the students in our school have responsibilities for
their school environment. They put their litters on the proper places. But some
are not diligent enough to find the dust bins. The numbers of dust bins in our
schools are not enough. More dust bins should be put beside each of steps,
outside of the classrooms, and some more along, the corridors. Probably one
dust bin should be in every ten meters. So when students want to throwaway
their litters, they can find the dust bins easily.
When
school is equipped with sufficient dust bins, we do not have problems of filth
and discomfort any more. Our school will be very clean and become a nice place
to study.
4. What is the
writes intention?
To
... readers to do something good.
a. inform
b. explain
c. describe
d. entertain
e. persuade
5. According
to the writer, more dust bins ... in every ten meters.
a. should be
decorated
b. should be
painted
c. should be
placed
d. are
unnecessary
e. are not
required
6. What is the
writer's argument on a sufficient number of dust bins?
a. They can
prevent litters.
b. They can save
janitor's energy.
c. Students are
asked to clean them.
d. They make
school environment neat.
e. Students can
throw garbage away easily.
7. What is the
writer's suggestion?
a. To buy more
dustbins.
b. To hire more
gardeners.
c. To use
dustbins efficiently.
d. To ask parents
to give more dustbins.
e. To ask
students to clean the school yard.
Text
3
The
Buyat Bay issue has been a hot topic these past two weeks. However, no party
has claimed responsibility for the pollution in the bay. This country is
suffering from an old illness: it cannot see the culprits even though it could
- if it wanted to.
The
issue started when a non-governmental organization discovered that a number of
people living near the bay in South Minahasa district, North Sulawesi province,
were suffering from skin diseases.
Blood
tests showed that some had high levels of mercury in their blood. Public
opinion then turned against the subsidiary of U.S. - based Newmont Minahasa
Corp, PT Newmont Minahasa Raya, accusing it of causing the pollution by dumping
its tailings in the bay.
8. This text
mainly talks about...
a. the pollution
in the bay
b. the discovery
of pollution by a non government organization
c. the failure of
the government to find the culprits
d. the skin
disease of the people living in Buyat Bay
e. the Buyat Bay
issue
9. "Public
opinion then turned ... by dumping its tailings in the bay."
(Paragraph 3)
The
underlined word means ... in a careless manner.
a. unloading
b. piling
c. burying
d. packing
e. covering
Text
4
When we buy canned or bottled food products at the grocer's or the
supermarket, we will find out that there are some additives added to the main
nutrients. An additive is a non-nutritive substance intentionally added to food
generally in small quantities, to improve appearance, flavor, storage properties,
etc.
Most governments issue lists of permitted additives stating the
highest acceptable concentration, defining food products in which they may be
used and sometimes recommending the maximum daily consumption. Such legislation
is revised periodically, and product may be added to or deleted from permitted
lists because of additional scientific knowledge and experience of their use.
A group of food additives includes vitamins, amino acids, and
minerals which are added to foodstuffs to compensate for losses occurring
during processing or to provide additional sources in diet that might otherwise
be deficient in such nutrients. Examples of their use include enrichment of
margarine with the addition of vitamin A, and niacin amide to flour or bread.
Salt often has a small amount of iodine to it to avoid a diet deficiency that
can cause goiter development.
Appearance is an important factor in food appeal, and legislation
in most countries permits the addition of both natural and synthetic coloring
mater based on the coloring standards issued by the Food and Agriculture
Organization (FAO) and World Health Organization (WHO).
Flavoring materials are added to basic foodstuff to; provide a
characteristic product flavor or to supplement or modify the original flavor.
Most flavoring materials are still of natural origin, but progress in organic
chemistry has made, it possible to analyze flavoring materials and to
synthesize product similar with those found in nature.
Flavor can also be influenced by the addition of the flavor
enhancer such as monosodium glutamate which intensifies perception of
flavoring.
10.
Canned or bottled food product contains additives besides....
a.
non-nutritive substances
b.
margarine with vitamins
c.
storage properties
d.
small quantities
e.
main nutrients
11.
The lists of permitted additives were issued by....
a.
grocer
b.
consumer
c.
legislation
d.
governments
e.
food producer
12.
The iodine prevents us from developing....
a.
decay
b.
goiter
c.
vitamins
d.
nutrient
e.
diet deficiency
13.
In line 16, the word "it" refers to....
a.
salt
b.
flour
c.
bread
d.
margarine
e.
niacin amide
14.
The best title for the above text is....
a.
Food and Vitamins
b.
Food and Additives
c.
Food and Their use
d.
Food and Nutrients
e.
Food and a Diet Deficiency
15.
Tinned food is very practical, but it is not as good as ... food
a.
fast
b.
fresh
c.
bottled
d.
canned
e.
synthetic
16.
We have known that ... food is necessary for healthy bodies and keen minds.
a.
fast
b.
sweet
c.
canned
d.
nourishing
e.
starchy
Text
5
When we buy canned or bottled food products at the grocer's or the
supermarket, we will find out that there are some additives added to the main
nutrients. An additive is a non-nutritive substance intentionally added to food
generally in small quantities, to improve appearance, flavor, storage,
properties, etc.
Most governments issue lists of permitted additives stating the
highest acceptable concentration, defining food products in which they may be
used and sometimes recommending the maximum daily consumption. Such legislation
is revised periodically, and product may be added to or deleted from permitted
lists because of additional scientific knowledge and experience of their use.
A group of food additives includes vitamins, amino acids, and
minerals which are added to foodstuffs to compensate for losses occurring
during processing or to provide additional sources in diet that might otherwise
be deficient in such nutrients. Examples of their use include enrichment of
margarine with the addition of vitamin A, and niacin amide to flour or bread.
Salt often has a small amount of iodine to it to avoid a diet deficiency that
can cause goiter development.
Appearance is an important factor in food appeal, and legislation
in most countries permits the addition of both natural and synthetic coloring
mater based on the coloring standards issued by the Food and Agriculture
Organization (FAO) and World Health Organization (WHO).
Flavoring materials are added to basic foodstuff to; provide a
characteristic product flavor or to supplement or modify the original flavor.
Most flavoring materials are still of natural origin, but progress in organic
chemistry has made, it possible to analyze flavoring materials and to
synthesize product similar with those found in nature.
Flavor can also be influenced by the addition of the flavor
enhancer such as monosodium glutamate which intensifies perception of
flavoring.
17.
Canned or bottled food product contains additives besides....
a.
non-nutritive substances
b.
margarine with vitamins
c.
storage properties
d.
small quantities
e.
main nutrients
18.
The lists of permitted additives were issued by....
a.
grocer
b.
consumer
c.
legislation
d.
governments
e.
food producer
19.
The iodine prevents us from developing....
a.
decay
b.
goiter
c.
vitamins
d.
nutrient
e.
diet deficiency
20.
In line 16, the word "it" refers to....
a.
salt
b.
flour
c.
bread
d.
margarine
e.
niacin amide
21.
The best title for the above text is....
a.
Food and Vitamins
b.
Food and Additives
c.
Food and Their use
d.
Food and Nutrients
e.
Food and a Diet Deficiency
22.
Tinned food is very practical, but it is not as good as ... food
a.
fast
b.
fresh
c.
bottled
d.
canned
e.
synthetic
23.
We have known that ... food is necessary for healthy bodies and keen minds.
a.
fast
b.
sweet
c.
canned
d.
nourishing
e.
starchy
Text
6
THE DANGER OF SMOKING MARIJUANA
Marijuana is dangerous drug. It is often called "pot"
and the habit of smoking pot may send people to their graves, before their
time. Pot smoking may damage the brain and other organs in the body, especially
the reproduction organs. In July 1989, at an international meeting held on the
dangers of smoking marijuana, researchers from 14 countries presented proof
about the dangerous effect of marijuana on the lungs, the brain, and other
organs of the body. They discovered other effect too: sleeplessness, heavy
sweating, lack of appetite and nausea.
Marijuana is extracted from the cannabis plant. The cannabinoids
are soluble in fat so they remain in the body's fatty organs after the smoking
party is over. One organ that contains a large amount of fat is the human
brain. The female reproductive organs also have high fat content. What harm
does the marijuana build-up to these organs?
Well, let us take an example, a handsome teenagers whose name is
Steve. Formerly he was good student who; had always received good grades. But
he started to smoke pot. He had difficulties in concentrating on his subject
at; school and in the remembering things. He also began to feel sick and to get
headache, especially if he did not; smoke pot regularly. As a result, all his
pocket money; went on pot, and when this was gone he started to steal in order
to satisfy his needs.
24.
What is the remain name of marijuana?
a.
pot
b.
drug
c.
grave
d.
Nausea
e.
cannabinoids
25.
What remain in the body's patty organs after smoking pot?
a.
pot
b.
drug
c.
grave
d.
Nausea
e.
Cannabinoids
26.
What were the other effects or marijuana discovered by the researchers?
a.
sleeplessness, heavy sweating, lack of appetite and nausea
b.
smoking marijuana might damage reproductive program
c.
pot smoking might damage brains and organs
d.
that people went to their graves before their time
e.
that drugs were very dangerous for people
27.
In line 6, the word "they" refers to....
a.
lungs
b.
researchers
c.
dangerous effect
d.
organs of the body
e.
reproductive organs
28.
The main idea of the first paragraph is....
a.
the character of Steve
b.
the dangers of smoking pot
c.
the habit of smoking pot
d.
Steve, a handsome teenager
e.
The advantages of smoking pot
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