Unit Seven
HORTATORY EXPOSITION
Social Function:
To persuade the reader or listener that
something should or should not be the case
Generic Structure:
Ø
Thesis: announcement of issue concern.
Ø
Arguments: reasons for concern, leading to
recommendation.
Ø
Recommendation: statement of what ought or
ought not to happen.
Significant Lexicogrammatical Features
§
Focus n generic human and non-human
Participants, except for speaker or writer referring to self.
§
Use of:
-
Mental
Processes: to state what writer thinks or feels
about issue, e.g. realize, feel, appreciate.
-
Material
Processes: to state what happens, e.g., is
polluting, drive, travel, spend, should be treated.
-
Relational
Processes: to state what is or should be, e.g.,
doesn’t seem to have been, is
§
Use of simple present tense.
Read the following example of a hortatory
exposition text:
Country Concern
Thesis
In
all discussion over the removal of lead from patrol (and the atmosphere) there
doesn’t seem to have been any mention of the difference between driving in the
city and the country.
Argument
While
I realize my leaded petrol car is polluting the air wherever I drive, I feel
that when you travel through the country, where you only see another car every
five to ten minutes, the problem is not as severe as when traffic is
concentrated on city roads.
Argument
Those
who want to penalize older, leaded petrol vehicles and their owners don’t seem
to appreciate that, in the country, there is no public transport to fall back
upon and one’s own vehicle is the only way to get about.
Recommendation
I
feel that country people, who often have to travel huge distances to the
nearest town and who already spend a great deal of money on petrol, should be
treated differently to the people who live in the city.
Text
1
Unhealthy
Habits Lead to Malnutrition
A little boy
of two years old was crying for a pack of snacks when a vendor passed by a
small alley in a densely populated area of Central Jakarta. He was grabbing his
mother’s hand begging madly, trying to satisfy his childhood desires. Unwilling
to see her beloved little boy crying, the mother just fulfilled his demands.
Cheap snacks
tempt children like no other food. They look good and taste good, too. E.g. a
pack of crackers or dry noodles that costs less than one thousand rupiah. The
snacks have too often worked well, for many parents, to calm down their
children. No wonder that many parents spend money on this tantalizing food
rather than on milk and other such nutritious fare.
The research
which covered five-hundred and sixty-six children, found that in 2002, 9.8% of
the children under the age of five were suffering from acute malnutrition. In
1999, that figure was 14%. This means that the malnutrition problem has
decreased.
According to
the research finding, the lack of nutritious food intake would likely inhibit
the children’s development. A child will grow thin, weak and sometimes pale.
Those are signs of malnutrition. As a result, children will tend to get sick
frequently and lose weight.
The major
factor in malnutrition was not poverty, but a lack of public awareness about
proper nutrition. The public campaign that followed the research has resulted
in an increased awareness on the part of local residents.
Unhealthy
children will make difficulties for the whole population. The reasons are,
first, their parents will spend a lot of money to make their children healthy;
second, the government will have a limited amount of good and healthy manpower;
third, this condition will badly effect the political, social and economic
growth.
The conclusion
is that educating the children and parents that every mouthful of food should
have nutritious value is a must.
(Partly taken from The
Jakarta Post)
1. The unhealthy
habit meant in the text is ….
a. buying cheap
snacks
b. consuming dry
noodles once a week
c. letting
children get what they want
d. the acute
malnutrition suffered by 566 children
e. consuming
cheap additive snacks
2. The mother
fulfils the little boy’s demand because:
a.
she
has a lot of money
b.
she
knows there are unhealthy snacks
c.
the
snacks are delicious
d.
she
doesn’t want her boy to cry
e.
the
snack is easy to get
3. The word
‘frequently’ in the 4th paragraph means:
a.
sometimes
b.
seldom
c.
never
d.
usually
e.
often
4. The food
consumed should be:
a.
additive
food
b.
food
with monosodium glutamate
c.
stale
food
d.
nutritious
food
e.
expired
food
5. Which of the
following statement is correct?
a.
All
the 566 children researched in 2002 suffered from malnutrition.
b.
The
major sector in malnutrition was poverty.
c.
Almost
all children like cheap additive snacks.
d.
The
parents mentioned above are aware of buying nutritious food.
e.
None
of the above is correct.
Text
2
We all know that we can not rely too
much on oil in supporting our economic life nowadays. Many countries produce a
lot of oil every year, so its price sometimes gets lower and lower. Besides the
oil deposits which lie deep beneath the surface of the earth won’t last long.
After a certain period of time, we will run out of it. So, our government
thinks about the other possible alternatives, and decides that tourism would be
one of them.
Indonesia has
a potential sector to develop tourism. It has many beautiful places such as
Bali, Toba Lake, etc. Ethnic groups with different cultures attract tourists to
spend their holidays in our country. One of the seven world wonders, the
Borobudur, is found in our country. So it
is quite possible for the Indonesian government to exploit these. To attract
people, we have to make our place look nice and clean. We need to build more
hotels and provide more public transport, restaurants, and entertainment
places, especially at tourism destinations. Providing those above will help our
business develop.
On the
contrary, tourism also brings out negative effects to our society. Moral value
will degrade. Youngsters are the most affective as they are not mature enough
to filter what is good and bad for them.
The destruction of the environmental balance will be another sector
which will be affective as the businessmen tend to build more business centers
and hotels.
The government
has to have a solution. It must warn its people of those bad impacts. We,
Indonesians, should bear in mind that we are Indonesians who have our own
cultures and principles.
6. The text
discusses about ….
a. the solution
of tourism problems
b. the effect of
tourism in Indonesia
c. oil in
supporting our economic life
d. the potential
sector of tourism in Indonesia
e. the
destruction of the environmental balance
7. The following
words are associated with the tourism, except ….
a. tourist resort
b. the scene
c. depositor
d. culture
e. business
8. The second
paragraph tells us about ….
a. many tourist
objects
b. one way to
attract tourists
c. a beautiful
place for tourist
d. the potential
tourist sectors in Indonesia
e. ethnic groups
in Indonesia that attract tourists
9. Besides the
oil deposits which lie deep beneath the surface of the earth….”
The underlined word is best replaced
by ….
a. under
b. over
c. before
d. beside
e. after
10. What is the
social function of the text above?
a. To explain how
to use alternative energy.
b. To describe
how alternative energy exists
c. To persuade
readers to use alternative energy.
d. To describe
about the economic life in Indonesia.
e. To present
information about more than one points of view of tourism.
Text
3
Teachers’
Welfare Should Come First
The
announcement by the Education Ministry that teachers will receive a functional
monthly allowance of Rp 100.000,00 as of 2007 gives reason for concern. The
government is apparently unwilling to improve teachers’ welfare.
Education is
an entry point for raising the worsening Human Development Index. However,
educational improvement in this country seems to be undertaken half-heartedly.
For a bigger
allowance, teachers will later have to pass certification tests. They should
also be prepared to be disappointed if most of them fail the tests. Yet, how
can the government pay the allowance if the majority of test takers pass? The
20% educational allocation of the state budget cannot yet be realized because
of inadequate funds. Should education always be sacrificed for the sake of
other sectors?
I think it’s
high time the government consider priority rating. The government should
appreciate teachers for their painstaking efforts to create human resources of
high quality.
(source: Ali Khomsam,
Bogor-Jakarta Post 2007)
11. ‘For a
bigger allowance, teachers will later have to pass certification tests. They
should also be prepared to be disappointed if most of them fail the tests. Yet,
how can the government pay the allowance if the majority of test takers pass?’
The word ‘Yet’ shows … to the previous
statement.
a. similarity
b. addition
c. description
d. contradiction
e. condition
12.
What is the writer’s purpose to write this text?
a. To explain
the process of how to improve teachers’ welfare.
b. To persuade
the readers that teachers’ welfare is impossible.
c. To tell the
difficulty of improving teachers’ welfare.
d. To persuade
the readers that teachers’ welfare should be improved.
e. To present
an issue about teachers’ welfare from two different points of view.
13.
The organization of the text is ….
a. Thesis –
arguments – recommendation
b. Thesis –
arguments – reiteration
c. General
statement – sequence of process – closings
d. Issue –
argument for – argument against – conclusion
e. Orientation
– complication – resolution
Text
4
Working
in the hospital isn't always enjoyable. Some days nothing goes right and then it's
very frustrating.
Working
with older people is much more difficult. They take much longer to get better. A
lot of the older patients don't want to leave hospital at all. They feel safe
there and they have lots of friends. When they go home, they feel very lonely.
They miss their friends. Sometimes nurses go and visit them at home when they
can. But it's hard to get the time. It causes that some of them will never
really get well again. Every nurse feels sorry for them but they can't show
them how they feel. They have to be cheerful and do what they can. Nurses
always try to do their best for all patients.
Thus
nurses should be creative to develop amusing and enjoyable environment in order
to help patients recover from their illness.
17. What is
the purpose of the text?
a. To advice
readers to be careful with their illness.
b. To persuade
readers how to be a goad nurse.
c. To inform
readers how to be a nurse.
d. To share a
problem with readers,
e. To describe a
nurse's job.
18. When
nurses are on duty, they sometimes feel frustrated because....
a. they feel very
lonely all the time
b. they should do
their best at all times
c. they always
work with older people
d. their jobs
don't always run smoothly
e. they have to visit their
patients
19. What is
the problem faced by nurses?
a. Older-patients
feel happy ill the hospital.
b. These older patients
have lots of friends.
c. A lot of older
patients feel safe in the hospital.
d. Some older
patients get worse when they are home.
e. Nurses are
asked to go and visit the patients at home.
20. The writer
suggests that nurses should....
a. be creative to
develop enjoyable environment when they are on duty
b. send the
patients home as soon as they are recovered
c. let the
patients be with their family
d. know the
patients' wealth
e. make a lot of
friends
Text
5
There was a lot of discussion about
whether boxing should be banned.
The people
who agree with this idea, such as Sarah claims
that if they do carry on boxing they should wear something to protect
their heads. They also argue that people who do boxing could have brain damage
and get seriously hurt. A further point they make is that most of the people
that have died did have families.
However, there are also strong
arguments against this point of view. Another group of people believe that
boxing should not be banned. They say that why they invent if it is a dangerous
sport. They say that boxing is a good sport, people enjoy it. A furthermore
reason is if they ban boxing it will ruin people’s careers.
After looking at the different
points of view and the evidence for them I think boxing should be banned
because five hundred people have died in boxing
since 1884.
21. The
passage above discusses about ....
a.
boxing is a good
sport
b.
pro and contra
about boxing should be banned
c.
boxing is a good
careers
d.
boxing can be
enjoyable
e.
boxing is a
dangerous sport.
22. The people who agree with this idea, such as Sarah
claims that if they do ... boxing they
should wear something to protect their heads. The following words can’t be used
to fill in the blanks, except ....
a.
give up
b.
take care
c.
put off
d.
go on
e.
turn on
23. The
main idea of paragraph 1 is ....
a.
boxing should be
banned
b.
head should be
protected
c.
many people died
because of boxing
d.
boxing damages
brain
e.
boxing is hard
sport, it should be banned
24. After looking at the different points of view and evidence
for them I think boxing should be banned because five hundred people have died
in boxing since 1884. The underlined
word can be best replaced by ....
a.
interest
b.
proof
c.
fact
d.
accident
e.
confidence
25. The
social function of the passage above is ....
a.
to present two
points of view
b.
to entertain the
readers
c.
to describe the
boxing
d.
to persuade the
readers
e.
to explain the
prosess
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