Unit Five
DESCRIPTIVE
Use
of Attributive and Identifying Social Function:
To
describe a particular person, place or thing.
Generic
Structure:
Ø Identification: identifies phenomenon to be described.
Ø Description: describes parts, qualities, characteristics.
Significant
Lexicogrammatical Features
§ Focus on specific Participants.
§ Processes.
§ Frequent use of Epithets and Classifiers in nominal groups.
§ Use of simple present tense.
Read
the following example of a descriptive text:
Natural Bridge National Park
Identification
Natural
Bridge National Park is a luscious tropical rainforest.
Description
It
is located 110 kilometers south of Brisbane and is reached by following the
Pacific Highway to Nerang and then by traveling through the Numinbah Valley.
This scenic roadway lies in the shadow of the Lamington National Park.
The
phenomenon of the rock formed into a national ‘arch’ and the cave through which
a waterfall cascades is a short 1 one kilometer walk below a dense rainforest
canopy from the main picnic area. Swimming is permitted in the rock pools.
Night-time visitors to the cave will discover the unique feature of the glow
worms.
Picnic
areas offer toilets, barbecues, shelter sheds, water and fireplaces; however,
overnight camping is not permitted.
Text 1
University of Cambridge
Do you plan to study abroad? Don't hesitate. Welcome to Cambridge
University. Cambridge University, an institution of higher education, is the
second oldest university in Great Britain after the University of Oxford. It is
located in the city of Cambridge.
The University of Cambridge is a system of faculties, departments,
and 31 independent colleges. You know, although the colleges and the university
per se are separate corporations, all are parts of an integrated educational
entity. The university examines candidates for degrees during their residencies
and at the conclusion of their studies. The colleges provide their students
with lodgings and meals, assign tutors, and offer social, cultural, and
athletic activities. Every student at the University of Cambridge is a member
of a college.
Let's see its academic year. The academic year is divided into
three terms of approximately eight weeks each: Michaelmas (autumn), Lent (late
winter), and Easter (spring). Students required to study under supervisor are usually
members of the college's faculties who maintain close relationships with small
groups of students in their charge and assist them in preparing for university
exams.
1. The author's purpose of
writing the text is ...
a. to
review a particular education system
b. to
commemorate a particular college
c. to
define a particular academic year
d. to
explain a particular way to study
e. to
describe a particular institution
2. Which of the following
statements is TRUE?
a. The
academic year is held in four seasons in a year.
b. Students
in colleges are not members of the university
c. Students
must not be in their residence during the terms.
d. The
students of Cambridge University have holidays in summer.
e. University
of Oxford is younger than University of Cambridge
3. The second paragraph
tells the readers about ...
a. an
integrated educational entity.
b. social
activities in the university.
c. the
system in Cambridge University.
d. the
examination for candidates' degrees.
e. the
criteria for the membership of the university.
4. "The colleges provide their students
with lodgings and meals, assign tutors and offer ..." (Paragraph
2).
The underlined word
means ...
a. dormitories
used for studying in groups
b. places
offered for doing some business
c. spaces
needed for discussion
d. houses
needed for taking a rest
e. rooms
rented to stay in
Text 2
Gunung
Tujuh Lake is one of the many lakes in Kabupaten Kerinci in Jambi province. It
is an amazing tourist place to visit. The location of Gunung Tujuh Lake is in
Kecamatan Kayu Aro. It is about 50 km from Sungai Penuh to Pelompek village by
public transport. Then people climb and walk for another 4 km or for 2.5 hours.
The lake is surrounded by steep forest slopes and seven mountains. The highest
peak of Gunung Tujuh Lake is 1,950 m above sea level. The length of the lake is
4,5 km and the width is 3 km. It is a volcanic lake and the highest in
Southeast Asia. The temperature around the lake is very cold. Besides
waterfalls you can also find animals such as siamang. elephants and birds.
Gunung Tujuh Lake is really beautiful with a spectacular scenery.
5. What does the text mainly talk about?
a. Amazing
tourist resorts in Jambi,
b. Gunung Tujuh
Lake in Jambi.
c. Volcanic lakes
in Jambi,
d. Steep forest
slopes in Jambi.
e. Waterfalls in
Jambi.
6. The main idea of the text is that ...
a. Gunung Tujuh
Lake is a beautiful tourist resort
b. the location
of Gunung Tujuh Lake is difficult to reach
c. Gunung Tujuh
Lake is the only lake in Sumatra
d. tourists from
Southeast Asia visit this beautiful lake
e. the animals
are more attractive than the lake itself
7. Which statement is TRUE according to the
text?
a. The lake is 3
km long,
b. Gunung Tujuh
Lake is not a volcanic lake.
c. Gunung Tujuh
Lake is 4.5 km away from Sungai Penuh.
d. There are
steep forest slopes and seven mountains around the lake,
e. Siamangs are
the only animals that can be found in Gunung Tujuh Lake.
8. "Gunung Tujuh Lake is really beautiful
with a spectacular scenery."
The underlined word means ...
a. amusing
b. remarkable
c. lovely
d. pretty
e. touching
9. "The lake is surrounded by steep
..."
The underlined word means almost ...
a. vertical
b. broad
c. deep
d. high
e. large
Text
3
Lyme
Regis is a beautiful old seaside town, with a lively little harbour, beaches,
and lovely walks, either by the sea or in the country nearby. For children
there is the Marine Aquarium and Dinosaur land, and in summer you can escape
from the crowds and relax in the Jane Austen.
Gardens
with beautiful views over the sea. There are many interesting old streets with
cafes and restaurants. The best restaurant is the Pilot Boat down by the beach,
which has very good food and excellent wine.
10. The purpose of the text is ...
a. to describe
Lyme Regis
b. to describe
the way people live
c. to
describe-how Lyme Regis is
d. to inform some
beautiful places
e. to amuse
readers with a beautiful object
11. Many tourists are interested in coming to Lyme
Regis.
This means that Lyme Regis is ...
a. amazing
b. excellent
c. attractive
d. delightful
e. advantageous
12. "... and in summer you can escape
from the crowds ..."
The underlined phrase means ...
a. find
b. keep
c. loose
d. avoid
e. release
Text
4
In recent years, the Detroit area has
experienced important changes in its industry mix. Not by chance – by design.
The Detroit Regional Chamber, local governments and the Michigan Economic
Development Corporation have been successful in attracting new business to the
area. The region is attractive to many companies because of the kinds of firms
– potential customers – already doing business here. A significant change has
been a shift from manufacturing employment to service sector employment,
including business services, health care and engineering establishments. The
service sector now makes up 33% of the area’s employment. In 2001,
manufacturing companies employed 20% of the area’s workers, compared with 27%
just 15 years ago.
Business services are the region’s largest
employer and one of the fastest growing. Companies for computer and data processing
services, engineering and architectural services, tourism, and entertainment
businesses, and training and education organizations are also expanding. Health
services are the third-largest sector and employ about 181,000 people. Individual
doctor’s offices and clinics, hospitals, and nursing and personal-care
facilities are numerous and ready to provide top-notch care.
13. What does the text tell us?
a. Potential customers.
b. Nursing and personal-care.
c. Expanding of training and tourism.
d. Health care and engineering establishment.
e. Business and industry trends in Detroit area.
14. The main idea of paragraph 2 is that
....
a. Health services are the largest sector
b. Top-notch care is provided by hospitals
c. Hospitals are the fastest growing business
d. The business services are the fastest growing
e. Detroit is attractive to so many companies
15. All of these statements are true,
EXCEPT ....
a. Detroit area has experienced important changes in its industry
mix by chance.
b. A significant change includes business services, health care and
engineering establishments.
c. Manufacturing companies employed 20% of the area workers in
2001.
d. Tourism and entertainment businesses are also expanding.
e. Health services are the third largest sector.
16. “Not by chance – by design.”
(Paragraph 1).
The
underlined word can be replaced by .....
a. luck
b. intention
c. effort
d. strive
e. hope
17.
Which of the following sectors has made the most significant change in the
Detroit area?
a. Services
b. Education
c. Engineering
d. Manufacturing
e. Entertainment
Text
5
Badminton is played anywhere in Indonesia:
in good indoor courts, in the streets, even across fences in front yards. It is
not only a game which Indonesians enjoy. It is a game they are good at.
Indonesia has won fame in international matches like the Thomas Cup for men,
the Uber Cup for women, and the All England Championships, for individuals as
well as doubles.
18. What is the best topic of the passage?
a. Badminton championship.
b. Badminton.
c. The history of badminton.
d. The Thomas Cup.
e. Badminton, an indoor game.
19. Which of the following is NOT TRUE
about badminton?
a. It is played anywhere in Indonesia.
b. It is an outdoor game.
c. It is also played in indoor courts.
d. It is internationally competed.
e. It is only played by men.
Text
6
Jakarta, Indonesia’s capital, is also a
city steeped in history. Under its former Dutch name of Batavia, it was a major
trading port of the east for several centuries. Jakarta today is a metropolis
of more than seven million people with modern shopping, hotels and industry.
Jakarta’s nightlife and shopping are
described as ‘the best kept secret in Asia’. An array of modern nightclubs and
discotheques are open till all hours. Its many shopping centers are stocked
with a wide variety of goods, from local art and handicraft, electronic
equipment garments, jewelry, etc. at very competitive prices. There are also
many top class hotels and restaurants in Jakarta providing international
cuisine as well as a variety of Indonesian, Chinese, Japanese and European
food.
The city is home to Taman Mini, a vast
complex of Indonesia in Miniature; and Ancol, a sophisticated amusement park.
Pasar Seni (the art market) is also situated in Ancol, where artists sit at
work and a wide variety of carvings, paintings and marble, wood, brass and
leather souvenirs can be bought at reasonable prices.
20. Which food is NOT stated in the second
paragraph?
a. Chinese food.
b. Japanese food.
c. African food.
d. European food.
e. Indonesian food.
21. This text tells us about ....
a. Jakarta now and in the past
b. Jakarta with its various facilities
c. Jakarta as the best kept-secret in Asia
d. Jakarta with its international cuisine
e. Jakarta’s nightlife and its shopping centers
22. Which of the following sentences is
TRUE?
a. Jakarta has less than seven million people.
b. Weaving is one of the skills displayed at the art market.
c. Nightclubs and discotheques are just open at certain hours.
d. International cuisine is available at top class restaurants.
e. Jakarta has been minor trading part of the east for several
centuries.
23. Which statement is NOT true?
a. The price of souvenirs of Pasar Seni is very cheap.
b. Chinese food is also served at the top class restaurants.
c. Batavia was the name of Jakarta during the occupation.
d. Ancol is famous for its sophisticated amusement park.
e. Taman Mini is located at a very large complex of Indonesia in
miniature.
Text
7
American black
bears appear in a variety of color despite their name. In the eastern part of their range, most of
these bears have shiny black fur, but the west they grow brown, red, or even
yellow coat. To the north, the black
bear is actually grey or white in color.
Even in the litter, both brown and black furred bears may be born.
Black bears
are the smallest of all American bears, ranging in length from five to six
feet, weighing from three hundred to five hundred pounds. Their eyes and eras are small and their
eyesight and hearing are not so good as their sense of smell.
Like all
bears, the black near is timid, clumsy, and rarely dangerous, but if attacked,
most can climb trees and cover ground at great speeds. When angry or frightened, it is formidable
enemy.
24. The second paragraph tells us
about ….
a. the size of
black bears
b. the height of
black bears
c. the length of
black bears
d. the definition
of black bears
e. the
description of black bears
25.
In the condition of being scared, black bears can make their enemy feel … and
lose confidence.
a. rude
b. wild
c. crazy
d. dangerous
e. intimidated
26. The text describes about ….
a. American black
bear
b. how black bear
lives
c. the length of
black bears
d. the
characteristics of black bear
e. the process of
black bear’s living
Text
8
Borobudur is a great Budhist
temple. The temple is located in
Magelang on the island of Java in Indonesia. Built in the 9th century under the
Syailendra dynasty of Java, it was abadoned in the 11th century and partially
excavated by archeologists in the early 20th century.
Influenced by the Gupta architecture
of India, the temple is constructed on a hill 46 m (150 ft) high and consists
of eight steplike stone terraces, one on top of the other. The first five terraces
are squares and surrounded by walls adorned with Budhist sculpture in
base-relief ; the upper three are circular, each with a circle of bell-shaped
stupas (Budhist shrines). The entire edifice is crowned by a large stupa at the
center of the top circle. The way to the summit extends through some 4.8 km
(some 3 ml) of passages and stairways. The design of Borobudur, a temple
–mountain symbolizing the structure of the universe, influenced by temples
built at Angkor, Cambodia. Borobudur was rededicated as an Indonesian national
monument in 1983 following extensive reclamation, aided by the United nations.
27. Paragraph
two is basically about ....
a.
Borobudur as
Indonesian National Monument
b.
Terraces of
Borobudur Tmple
c.
The summit of the
Borobudur
d.
Location of the
temple
e.
United Nations
28. It is
stated in the text that ....
a.
Borobudur
belonged to archeologists
b.
Borobudur was
built in West Java
c.
Borobudur was
surrounded by walls
d.
Borobudur is
built in the era of Syailendra dinasty
e.
The temple design
symbolizes the structure of universe.
29. The
social function of the text above is ....
a.
To retell an
event of Borobudur
b.
To entertain or
to amuse the readers
c.
To explain the
process of building the temple
d.
To describe the
Borobudur temple
e.
To persuade the
readers
Text
9
Paris is the
capital of a European nation, France. It is also one of the most beautiful and
most famous cities in the world.
Paris is
called the city of light. It is also an international fashion center. What
stylish woman are wearing in Paris will be worn by women all over the world.
Paris is also famous for its world
center of education. For instance, it is the headquarters of UNESCO, the United
Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation.
The seine
river divides the city into two parts. Thirty-two bridges cross this scenic
river. The oldest and perhaps the most well known is pont neuf, Which was built
in the sixteeth century. Sorbonne, a famous university, is located on the left
bank (south side) of the river. The beautiful white church Sacre Coeur lies on
the top of a hill called Montmartre on the right bank (north side) of the
Seine.
There are many
other famous places in Paris, Such as the famous museum the Louvre as well the
cathedral of Notre Dame. However, The most famous landmark in this city must be
the Eiffel Tower.
Paris is
named after a group of people
called the Parisii. They built a small village on an island in the
middle of the Seine River about two
thousand years ago. This island is called Ile de la cite. It is where Notre
Dame located. Today around eight million people live in the Paris area.
30. The
paragraph tells ….
a. about the Paris
b. The location of Notre Dame
c. an island in the middle of the Seine River
d. the
origin of the word paris
e. a
village built thousand years ago
31. What is
the oldest and most well known part of the city?
a. The Seine River d. The right
bank
b. The Pond Neuf e.
The left bank
c. The Sorbonne
32. From the
text we know that Notre Dame is located ….
a. on the left bank d.
outside the city of paris
b. near
left Loufre e. in the middle of the Seine River
c. on the right hand
33. From the
text we know that Notre Dame is located ….
a. on the left bank d.
outside the city of Paris
b. near left Louvre e.
in the middle of the Seine River
c. on the right bank
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