Unit Eight
EXPLANATION
Social Function:
To explain the processes involved in the
formation or workings of natural or sociocultural phenomena.
Generic Structure:
Ø
A general statement to position the
reader.
Ø
A sequenced explanation of why or how
something occurs.
Significant Lexicogrammatical Features
§
Focus on generic, non-human Participants.
§
Use mainly of Material and Relational
Processes.
§
Use mainly of temporal and causal
Circumstances and Conjunctions.
§
Some use of Passive Voice to get theme
right.
Read
the following example of an explanation text:
A Brief Summary of Speech Production
General Statement to Position the Reader
Speech production is made possible by the
specialized movements of our vocal organs that generate speech sounds waves.
Explanation
Like all sounds production, speech
production requires a source of energy. The source of energy for speech
production is the steady stream of air that comes from the lungs as we exhale.
When we breathe normally, the air stream is inaudible. To become audible, the
air stream must vibrate rapidly. The vocal cords cause the air stream to vibrate.
Explanation
As we talk, the vocal cords open and close
rapidly, chopping up the steady air stream into a series of puffs. These puffs
are heard as a buzz. But this buzz is still not speech.
Explanation
To produce speech sounds, the vocal tract
must change shape. During speech we continually alter the shape of the vocal
tract by moving the tongue and lips, etc. These movements change the acoustic
properties of the vocal tract, which in turn produce the different sounds of
speech.
Text 1
Wood chipping
is a process used to obtain pulp and paper products from the forest. The wood
chipping process begins when the trees are cut down in a selected area of the
forest called a couple.
Next, the top
and branches of the trees are cut out and the logs are taken to the mill. At
the mill, the bark of the longs is removed and the logs are taken to chipper,
which cut them into small pieces called woodchips. The woodchips are then
screened to remove dirt and other impurities. At this stage , they are either
exported in this form or made into pulp
by chemicals and heat. The pulp is then bleached and water content is removed.
Finally, the
pulp is rolled out to make paper.
1. The
text describes the process of …
a. cutting down the forest
b. producing woodchips
c. paper making
d. wood chipping
e. reforestation
2. What
do the mill workers first do with the logs?
a. they export the woodchips
b. they cut them into pieces
c. they rolled out the paper
d. they remove the bank
e. they screen the log
3. “At
this stage, they are either exported in this form or …” (paragraph 2)
The underlined word refers to …
a. logs
b. pulp
c. processed pulp
d. raw woodchips
e.
clean woodchips
4. “The woodchips are then screened to remove
dirt and other impurities.” (paragraph 2)
In other words, they are …
a. repaired
b. cleaned
c. moved
d. removed
e. processed
5. The
type of the text is …
a. explanation
b. commentary
c. news item
d. description
e. narrative
6. The
first stage of wood chipping is …
a. to obtain pulp and paper
b. to take the logs to a chipper
c. to screen the woodchips to
remove dirt
d. to cut down the top and
branches of trees
e. to remove the mill and the
bark of the log
7. How
many stages are there before the pulp is rolled to make paper?
a. 3 stages
b. 4 stages
c. 6 stages
d. 7 stages
e. 8 stages
Text 2
Taxation
is necessary in all modern countries. The government collects taxes various
sources and the money which is obtained in this way will be used to meet the
various government expenses.
There
is a direct tax a person called income tax. This is a tax a person’s income or
earnings. There is a property tax –a tax to be paid people who have houses,
building or land. Then there are various licenses and so on.
There
is another form of taxation known by as indirect taxation. Many things imported
into the country have a tax duty of them for example; cigarettes, liquor or
motor cars have an import duty of them. This is known as indirect taxation
because the people who use these articles don’t pay the tax or duty direct to
the government. The importer pays the duty to the government but he takes it
back from the people who buy his goods by selling them at a higher price.
Thus,
direct and indirect taxes are sources of income for a government which has to spend
a lot of money to govern the country.
8. Why
is taxation necessary in all modern countries?
a. because there are two kinds of
taxes, direct and indirect taxes
b. because it is needed to be
used to meet the various government expenses
c. because the government
collects taxes various sources
d. because people have to pay
income tax
e. because there is a property
tax
9. What
is the type of the text?
a. analytical exposition
b. hortatory exposition
c. explanation
d. news item
e. report
10. Which is true according to the
text?
a. The tax of cigarettes is a
direct tax
b. people have to pay an income
tax because the have houses
c. The tax of cars is an income
tax
d. The tax of buildings belongs
to direct tax
e. The tax of salaries belongs to
property tax.
11. Which of the following taxes is
not property tax?
a. earning tax
b. motor tax
c. houses tax
d. car tax
e. rice field tax
12. “… it is
obtained in this way will used to meet the various government expenses…”
(paragraph 1)
The underlined
word means …
a. spend
b. cost
c. fulfill
d. welcome
e. get
13. “… the
country have a tax duty on them … “ (paragraph 3).
What does the
word “them” refers to?
a. people
b. importers
c. isolated
d. on fire
e. many things
Text 3
To improve
comfort and cleanliness at our school, a number of dust bins should be
increased.
When
we look at classroom, school corridors and school yard, there are papers,
mineral water cups, straws, and napkins here and there. The condition of
unclean lines and discomfort really hinders learning and teaching in
environment. Little through carelessly cause diseases, especially empty plastic
cup or glasses. They can be filled out with water coming for the rain. This can
be placed for dengue mosquitoes to spread out.
Besides,
these robes can deteriorate the scene. Well painted wall and green school yard,
do not mean anything if litters are scattered ever where.
Anyway
I notice that most of the students in our school have responsibilities for
their school environment. They put their litters on the proper places. But some
are not diligent enough to find the dust bins. The numbers of dust bins in our
schools are not enough. More dust bins should be put beside each of steps,
outside of the classrooms, and some more along the corridors. Probably one dust
bin should bin every ten meters. So when students want to throwaway their
litters, they can find the dust bins easily.
When
school is equipped with sufficient dust bins, we do not have problems of filth
and discomfort any more. Our school will be very clean and become a nice place
to study.
14. What is the writes intention?
To… readers to
do something good.
a. inform
b. explain
c. describe
d. entertain
e. persuade
15. According to the writer, more dust
bins ….in every ten meters.
a. should be decorated
b. should be painted
c. should be placed
d. are unnecessary
e. are not required
16. When
school is equipped with sufficient dust bins. What is the synonym of
sufficient?
a. little
b. enough
c. through
d. big
e. easy
Text 4
How does
television affect our live? It can be very helpful to people who carefully
choose the shows that they watch. Television can increase our knowledge of the
outside world, there are high quality programs that help us understand many
fields of study: science, medicine, the arts, and so on. Moreover, television
benefits very old people who cannot often leave the house, as well as patients
in hospitals. It also offers non active speakers the advantages of daily
informal language practice; they can increase their vocabulary and practice
listening.
On the other
hand, there are serious disadvantages to television. Of course, it provides us
with a pleasant way to relax and spent our free time. Many children stare at a
TV screen for more hour each day than they do anything else, including studying
and sleeping. It is clear that the tube has a powerful influence on their lives
and that its influence is often negative.
Recent studies
show that after only thirty seconds of TV, a person’s brain “relaxes” the same
way that it does just before the person falls asleep. Another effect of
television on the human brain is that it seems to cause poor concentration.
Children who view a lot of TV can often concentrate on a subject for only
fifteen to twenty minutes; they can pay attention only for the amount of the
time between commercials.
Another disadvantage
is that TV often causes people to become dissatisfied with their own lives.
Real life does not seem as exiting to these people as the lives of actors on
the screen. Too many people, TV becomes more real than reality, and their own
lives seem boring. Also, many people get upset or depressed when they cannot
solve the problem in a real life as quickly as TV actors seem to. On the screen,
actors solve serious problem in a half hour program or a thirty second
commercial.
Before the
child is fourteen years old, he or she views eleven thousand murders on the
tube. He or she begins to believe that there is nothing strange about fights,
killing, and other kind of violence. Many studies show that people become more
violent after certain programs. They may even do the things that they saw in a
violent show. An example is the effect of the movie the deer hunter.
After it appeared on TV in the United States, twenty nine people tried to kill
themselves in a way similar to an event in the film.
The most negative effect of the boob tube
might be people’s addiction to it. People often feel a strange and powerful
need to watch TV even when they don’t enjoy it. Addiction to a TV screen is
similar to drug or alcohol addiction: people almost never believe they are
addicted.
17. The kind of text above is…
a. narrative
b. descriptive
c. news item
d. explanation
e. discussion
18. What is the communicating purpose
of the text …
a. to persuade about the
disadvantages of TV program
b. to inform that TV is important
program
c. to describe about TV program
d. to explain the effect of TV
program for our live
e. to tell about TV program
19. Children
who view a lot of TV can often concentrate on a subject for only fifteen
to twenty minutes. The word view means ….
a. watch
b. need
c. like
d. enjoy
e. size
20. Which is the true according to the
text?
a. there is no serious effect from
TV program
b. there are several serious
disadvantages to TV
c. can increase motivation to
study harder
d. have high self confidence
e. have motivate to be good person
Text 5
Have
you ever wondered how people get chocolate from? In this article we’ll enter
the amazing world of chocolate so you can understand exactly what you’re
eating.
Chocolate
starts with a tree called the cacao tree. This tree grows in equatorial
regions, especially in places such as South America, Africa, and Indonesia. The
cacao tree produces a fruit about the size of a small pineapple. Inside the
fruit are the tree’s seeds, also known as cacao beans.
The
beans are fermented for about a week, dried in the sun and then shipped to the
chocolate maker. The chocolate maker starts by roasting the beans to bring out
the flavor. Different beans from different places have different qualities and
flavor, so they are often sorted and blended to produce a distinctive mix.
Next, the roasted beans are winnowed. Winnowing removes the meat nib of the
cacao bean from its shell/ then, the nibs are blended. The blended nibs are
ground to make it a liquid. The liquid is called chocolate liquor. All seeds contain some amount of fat, and
cacao beans are not different. However, cacao beans are half fat, which is why
the ground nibs from liquid. It’s pure bitter chocolate.
21. The text is about…
a. the cacao
tree
b. the cacao
beans
c. the raw
chocolate
d. the making
of chocolate
e. the flavor
of chocolate
22. The third paragraph focuses on…
a. the process
of producing chocolate
b. how to
produce the cacao flavor
c. where
chocolate comes from
d. the
chocolate liquor
e. the cacao fruit
23. “… so they are often sorted
and blended to produce.” (Paragraph 3)
The underlined
word is close in meaning to…
a. arranged
b. combined
c. separated
d. distributed
e. organized
24. How does the chocolate maker start
to make chocolate?
a. By fermenting
the beans.
b. By roasting
the beans.
c. By blending
the beans.
d. By sorting
the beans.
e. By drying
the beans.
Text 6
HOW DESERT
REMAINS DRY
There are
three possible reasons why desert remains dry. These are high mountain
barriers, cold ocean current and high pressure systems.
Mountain
Barriers:
When warm air
passes over the ocean, it picks up moisture in the form of water vapor. As this
moist air travels over the land, it rises to pass over mountain ranges when it
begins to rise, the air cools and this causes the water vapor to condense into
droplets which falls as rain. When the air reaches the other side of mountain
barriers, it has lost all its moisture and so the other side of the mountain
barriers, it has lost all its moisture and so the other side of the mountain
remains dry.
Cold Pressure
System:
Air passing
over cold ocean current is cooled and therefore is unable to pick up and hold much
moisture. When the cold air pass reaches the warm desert, any moisture in the
air is evaporated and so does not fall as rain and so the desert remains dry.
High Pressure
Systems:
In high
pressure systems, the air is dry and is moving downwards. As this system moves
over the land it draws in moisture from the land surface. Consequently the
moisture does not fall as rain and so the desert remains dry.
25. Which of the following statement
is not true according to the text?
a. desert can
remain dry because of high pressure system
b. much
moisture cannot be held and picked up by cooled air
c.
moisture is picked up by warm air passing over the ocean in the form of
water vapor
d. cold ocean
current is not the cause why desert remains dry
e. moisture in
the air does not fall as rain because it is evaporated
26. The text type used by the writer
in above passage is …
a. discussion
b. exposition
c. recount
d. explanation
e. description
27. The first paragraph of the above
text is called …
a. general
classification
b. general
statement
c. orientation
d. thesis
e. issues
28. There are
three possible reasons why desert remains dry. The underlined word is
closest in meaning to …
a. stays
b. rests
c. lives
d. becomes
e. gets
Text
7
All planes
need air pressure under their wings to stay up in the air. As they move
forward, the higher air pressure underneath their wings pushes them upward and
gives them lift.
The smooth,
streamlined shape of the plane allows air to flow easily over its surface. This
helps to reduce the drag caused by the air pushing against the plane and allows
it to move rapidly through the air.
Planes move
forward using engines. This movement is called thrust. Moving forward keeps a
stream of moving air passing over the wings, which allows the plane to stay up
in the air. If the engines fail, the plane will begin to descend very quickly.
Air above the
wing moves faster, so it is at a lower pressure than the air under the wing
does.
Air under the
wing moves more slowly and is slightly squashed, so it is at a higher pressure
than the air above the wing.
29. What makes the planes stay up in the air?
a. Their
wings. d. Air pressure under this wings.
b. Their
body. e. Air pressure above this wings.
c. Their
pilot.
30. What does the text tell us about?
a. The
explanation about how to drive plane.
b. The
explanation about how plane fly.
c. The
explanation about how to use plane.
d. The explanation about going by planes.
e. The process of driving plane.
31. “If the engines fail, the plane will begin to descend
very quickly.” (Paragraph 3)
What does the word “descend” mean?
a. fly d. go away
b. fall e. come down
c. decrease
32. Which statement is true according to the text?
a. Air
above the wing is not needed to fly planes.
b. Thrust
is the air underneath the wings.
c. Air
above the wings makes the planes descend.
d. Air
under the wings has an important role to fly planes.
e. The
planes will go faster if the engines fail.
Text 8
Some people eat bread everyday, but how is it
made?
First of all, grains such as wheat or rye are
grown on farms. The grains are harvested and stored in silos. Later, they are
taken to a flour mill where the grains are ground into flour.
The flour is then sent to a large bakery. There it
is mixed with water, salt, and yeast to make dough.
Next, the dough is placed in metal pans. The pans
are put into an oven. The temperature is about 3500F (1800C). After
it is baked for 45 minutes, the bread is taken out of the oven to cool.
Some loaves of bread are sliced in a machine, and
then wrapped in plastic bags. A “use by date” date is usually attached to the
package.
Finally, the bread is sent to supermarkets or
corner shops.
33. What does the text mainly tell us about?
a. How bread is eaten
everyday.
b. How the grains
are harvested.
c. How bread is
made.
d. How bread is
sent to supermarkets.
e. How bread is
wrapped in plastic bags.
34. What does the bakery do with the flour to make
dough?
a. Mixes
it with water, salt and yeast. d. Takes it out of the oven to cool.
b. Puts
it into an oven until 3500F. e. Harvests and stores in silos.
c. Bakes
it for 45 minutes.
35. The sentences in the text above are mostly
written in ….
a. simple
past tense. d. active voice.
b. reported
speech. e. present participle.
c. passive
voice.
36. What does the bakery do with the bread before
wrapping in plastic bags?
a. Slices
some loaves of bread in a machine.
b. Sends
the bread to the supermarket or corner shops.
c. Delivers
it to the supermarket or corner shops.
d. Writes
a “use by date” to the package.
e. Takes
out of the oven to cool.
Text 9
Have you ever wondered how people get chocolate
from? In this article we’ll enter the amazing world of chocolate so you can
understand exactly what you’re eating.
Chocolate starts with a tree called the cacao
tree. This tree grows in equatorial regions, especially in places such as South
America, Africa, and Indonesia. The cacao tree produces a fruit about the size
of a small pineapple. Inside the fruit are the tree’s seeds, also known as
cacao beans.
The beans are fermented for about a week, dried in
the sun and then shipped to the chocolate maker. The chocolate maker starts by
roasting the beans to bring out the flavor. Different beans from different places
have different qualities and flavor, so they are often sorted and blended to
produce a distinctive mix. Next, the roasted beans are winnowed. Winnowing
removes the meat nib of the cacao bean from its shell. Then, the nibs are
blended. The blended nibs are ground to make it a liquid. The liquid is called
chocolate liquor. It tastes bitter. All seeds contain some amount of fat, and
cacao beans are not different. However, cacao beans are half fat, which is why
the ground nibs form liquid. It’s pure bitter chocolate.
37. The text is about ….
a. the
cacao tree d. the making of chocolate
b. the
cacao beans e. the flavor of chocolate
c. the
raw chocolate
38. The third paragraph focuses on ….
a. the
process of producing chocolate d. the chocolate liquor
b. how
to produce the cacao flavor e. the cacao fruit
c. where
chocolate comes from
39. “… so they are often sorted and blended
to produce.” (Paragraph 3)
The underlined word is close in meaning to
….
a. arranged d. distributed
b. combined e. organized
c. separated
40. How does the chocolate maker start to make
chocolate?
a. By
fermenting the beans. d. By sorting the beans.
b. By
roasting the beans. e. By drying the beans.
c. By
blending the beans.
Text 10
The petroleum we obtain today was formed
under the ground for many millions of years. In the past, small animals living
in the sea sank to the seabed when they died. Layers of these creatures built
up over millions of years, and the actions of heat, pressure and bacteria
turned their bodies into petroleum. The petroleum spread through porous rocks
until it came to impervious rocks. In this way, pockets of petroleum were
formed beneath the ground. Over many thousands of years, this land rose above
the sea, and deposits of oil are now found on or near land.
Oil companies employ scientists to study
rocks and discover where oil is likely to be found. If it seems likely that oil
exists beneath their feet, they will drill a narrow hole to find out whether
there is any oil. They may be unsuccessful; if a new field is being explored,
there is one chance in nine of discovering petroleum.
41. What is the text about?
a. Deposits of oil.
b. Pockets of petroleum.
c. Impervious rocks.
d. The petroleum.
e. Oil companies.
42. The first paragraph is about ....
a. how petroleum was formed
b. small animals living in the sea-bed
c. how long petroleum was formed
d. what has happened beneath the ground
e. the spread of petroleum
43. Which of the following statements is
TRUE according to the text?
a. Heat, pressure and bacteria play an important role in the
formation ofpetroleum.
b. Scientists always succeeded in finding a new oil field.
c. Scientists are employed to form petroleum.
d. Animals living in the sea-bed bring deposits of oil to the
surface of water.
e. Oil is usually found on the water surface.
44. “… and deposits of oil are now found
on or near land.” (Paragraph 1)
The
underlined word means ....
a. appeared
b. discovered
c. come
d. floated
e. shown
45.
“The petroleum spread through porous rocks until it came to impervious
rocks.” (Paragraph 1)
The
underlined word means “not allowing anything to ....”
a. catch up
b. suffer forum
c. break into
d. pass through
e. look at
Text 11
By means of the telephone, you can talk to
a friend who may be living far from you. Your message travels along a wire
called a telegraph wire. There are also thick bundles of wire, called cables,
placed at the bottom of the sea. You can send messages through them to another
country.
Marconi, an Italian, was very interested in
the telegraph when he was only a boy. One day, he had a brilliant idea. He
thought that he could send messages from one place to another without using
wires. And he succeeded! He invented the first wireless set in 1895. It is
called ‘wireless’ because there is no wire joining the transmitter (the machine
that sends the message) and the receiver (the machine that receives the
message). The transmitter turns the sound of the speaker’s voice into waves and
sends these out through the air. The wireless waves cannot be seen, but they
are received by the wireless receiver.
Wireless sets are most useful to ships and
aeroplanes. The sets can send out and receive messages from land or from
aeroplanes or other ships. Soldiers and policemen use very small wireless sets
called ‘walkie-talkies’.
When wireless waves hit something made of
metal, they bounce back and are received by a special receiver. During a fog at
sea, one ship cannot see another. However, wireless waves that bounce back show
sailors that other ships are around and the ships will take care not to bump
into each other. This special type of wireless is known as ‘radar’. It can
‘see’ in the fog and in the dark.
46. Marconi succeeded in ....
a. having a brilliant idea
b. sending messages without using wires
c. producing walkie - talkie
d. developing the use of wireless sets
e. detecting fog in the dark
47. The text mostly talks about ....
a. receivers
b. telephones
c. transmitters
d. wireless sets
e. walkie-talkies
48. What is the main idea of the first paragraph?
a. People can send messages to another country.
b. You may talk to a friend who is far from you.
c. The telephone cables are placed at the bottom of the sea.
d. When you communicate, your message travels along a telegraph
wire.
e. You can communicate with other people in a distance through telephones.
49. “There are also thick bundles of wire,
called cables, placed at the bottom of the sea.” (Paragraph 1).
The word placed has a similar meaning to
....
a. put
b. done
c. stated
d. pressed
e. hanged
50. Radar helps ships to avoid ....
a. fog
b. a crash
c. darkness
d. waves
e. an attack
Text 12
Readers do you know Anorexia and Bulimia?
Literally, the words of “Anorexia Nervosa”
mean “nervous loss of appetite”. However, in reality anorexics do feel hunger
pains, at times severe ones, but their compulsive fear of gaining weight stops
from eating.
Anorexia is psychosomatic illness. It means
that ones suffer from symptom of psychological problem. Teens with this disease
starve themselves under the distorted belief that they need to lose weight.
Some of the deeper psychological problems behind anorexia include depression,
feeling a loss of control over life and an intense fear of entering adulthood.
In severe cases, the anorexics will develop fluffy, white hair on her arms,
face and back, and her menstrual periods will stop.
Bulimia is characterized by the binge/purge
syndrome. Binging is eating large amounts of food in a short amount of time.
Some bulimics consume up to 20,000 calories in one sitting the equivalent of
over twenty, 10 inch pepperoni pizzas. Purging is the method used to get rid of
the food just eaten. Bulimics purge by causing themselves to vomit, abusing
laxatives and diuretics, fasting or compulsive and excessive exercising.
Bulimia is also a psychosomatic illness
indicating psychological problems such as selfesteem, an inability to express
emotion or difficult dealing with responsibility and growing up. Many bulimics
remember their symptoms beginning after home for the first time or breaking up
with their boyfriend, pointing to problems handling independence.
According to a recent national poll, about
one teen in every four claims to personally know someone with the symptoms of
bulimics are of normal weight and because they often hide their behaviour from
others, this illness often goes undiscovered for several years. The physical
effects of bulimia can include kidney failure, menstrual irregularity, swollen
salivary glands, muscle cramps, an irregular hear beat, internal bleeding from
the tearing of the esophagus caused by excessive as well as destruction of the
teeth and gums.
51. The main idea of the third paragraph is ....
a. Anorexia is a symptom of psychological problem.
b. Anorexia causes people to live in hunger.
c. Anorexia is a symptom of feeling a loss of control.
d. Anorexia causes menstrual periods to stop.
e. Anorexia is a good way of losing weight.
52. What do Anorexia sufferers do?
a. They find difficulties to eat because they lose their appetite.
b. They avoid eating because they are afraid of being fat.
c. They don’t have any desire for food.
d. They eat a lot when they are hungry.
e. They try to control their emotions by eating less.
53. What does the text tell us about?
a. Psychosomatic illness is caused by of psychological problems
which influence one’s way of eating.
b. Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia sufferers lose their desire for
food.
c. Both Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia are psychosomatic illnesses
which are difficult to discover.
d. Bulimia sufferers grow thinner and thinner but Anorexia
sufferers have normal weight.
e. Usually the sufferers of Bulimia and Anorexia are teenagers who
have good self confidence.
54. Literally the words of “Anorexia
Nervosa” mean “Nervous loss of appetite”. (Paragraf 2)
The underlined word means ....
a. hunger pains
b. body weight
c. feeling hungry
d. eating habits
e. desire for food
Text 13
The average person will say that
agriculture means farming. He is partly right, for raising crops is a branch of
agriculture. So do livestock raising, dairy farming, fruit growing, chicken
raising and even fur farming. Agriculture includes the raising of every kind of
plants and animals that is useful to man.
With all its many branches, agriculture is
the world’s most important industry. It supplies the food we eat and many of
the materials from which we make our clothing.
Farms are classified according to the type
of farming that is done and kinds of crops and livestock that are raised. They
may be classified in several different ways, such as general, specialized,
intensive, and extensive farms.
General farming is a farm where a variety
of things is raised. On such a farm there may be a herd of dairy cows whose
milk the farmer sells. There may also be poultry to provide extra income and
supply some of the family’s needs.
There are many factors that influence the
types of crops and livestock that a farmer raised. The most important one is
climate which includes temperature, length of growing season, sunshine, and
rainfall. Another is the type of soil. The third is the amount of water
available for irrigation. By concentrating on the particular crops or animals
that fit best with this situation, the specialized farmer hopes to use his land
in the most efficient and profitable way.
When a farmer devotes a great deal of
labour to a piece of land, he is practising intensive agriculture. If he works
in a large area of land with relatively little labour, he is practising
extensive agriculture. Intensive agriculture usually goes together with small
farms. A great deal of careful work is always involved in intensive
agriculture. Often this work must be done by hand. Extensive agriculture is
usually practised on large farms or ranches where most of the work is done by
machinery.
55. These words are related to farming, EXCEPT ....
a. livestock
b. extensive farming
c. irrigation
d. stock exchange
e. type of soil
56. The practice of intensive and extensive agriculture is the
main idea of paragraph ....
a. 2
b. 3
c. 4
d. 5
e. 6
57. The text tells us about ....
a. intensive agriculture
b. extensive agriculture
c. types of farming
d. the important factors in farming
e. specialized farms
58. “They may be classified in
several different ways __.” (Paragraph 3). The underlined word refers to ....
a. crops
b. plants
c. farms
d. cows
e. animals
Text 14
Writings
A person may communicate his thought
by making gesture, speaking, sending a letter, using internet, telephoning or
sending an SMS. All of the types of communication are used by the individual
all small groups. Writing, works of literature or other written material,
produced by the stated person influences a large number of people. People can
easily find writing in the bookstore s or libraries.
There are different kinds of writing.
Scientific writings are written by scientists such as Darwin, Newton, Galileo
Galileo and Albert Einstein. Such writings describe natural sciences such as
Physics, Biology, Chemistry, Engineering and sometimes Mathematics. Those are
the fields of knowledge which maybe studied exactly.
Writing is also the art of style of
literary composition. Literary writings are those written by novelists and
poets. They are science fiction or literature, especially future development in
science and their effect on life. Some of the most famous in the world are Romeo and Juliet written by William Shakespeare of
Great Britain and Mahabharata by Wiyasa of
India.
59.
What is the main idea of paragraph 3?
a. Kinds of writing in the art
b. Romeo and
Juliet, Mahabharata are forms of writing
c. Writing is the
art of literary composition
d. Art writing is
science fiction of writing
e. Writing is one
the communication tools
60.
Writing is an art because…., except……
a. Expresses
human beautiful thought
b. Expresses true
thought
c. Represent laws
d. Requires one’s
fine skill
e. Attract
people’s admiration
61.
The social function of the text is …..
a. To amuse the
reader with kind of writing types.
b. To give
information to the reader about tool of communication
c. To persuade
the reader to do something
d. To describe
one of communication tools to the reader
e. To give some
point of views about communication tools
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